Glossary Navigation

[ A ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Acceptable Entry Conditions

 The conditions that must be met before an employee can safely enter and work in a confined space.

Access

 The right and opportunity to examine and copy.

Acclimatization

 Temporary adaptation of the body to work in the heat that occurs gradually when a person is exposed to Acclimatization peaks in most people within four to fourteen days of regular work for at least two hours per day in the heat.

Action Level

 Employee exposure, without regard to the use of respirators, to an airborne concentration of lead of 30 micrograms per cubic meter of air (30mg/m3) calculated as an eight-hour time weighted average (TWA).

Aerial Work Platform (AWP0

 A manually propelled, or vehicle mounted device that has an adjustable position platform, supported from ground level by a structure or vehicle. (Needs updated ANSI A92 – 2021) (Note: AWP’s acquired for use on or after Jan. 22, 1973 shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the applicable requirements of ANSI A92.2-1969 including appendix. AWP’s acquired before Jan. 22, 1973 which do not meet the requirements of ANSI A92.2-1969, may not be used after Jan. 1, 1976, unless they have been modified so as to conform with the applicable design and construction requirements of ANSI A92.2-1969.)

Airline Respirator

 An atmosphere-supplying respirator for which breathing air is drawn from a source separate from and not worn by the user, such as:
a) A cylinder or a tank.
b) A compressor.
c) An uncontaminated environment.

Air-Purifying Respirator (APR)

 A respirator equipped with an air-purifying element such as a filter,
cartridge, canister, or having a filtering facepiece, for example, a dust mask. The element or filtering facepiece is designed to remove specific contaminants, such as particles, vapors, or gases, from air that passes through it.

Air Supplied Respirator

 (see airline respirator)

Analysis

 Of exposure or medical records means any compilation of data, and research, or other studies based, at least in part, on information collected from individual employee exposure or medical records or other sources including information from health insurance claim forms provided that either the analysis must have been reported to the employer or no further work is being done by the person responsible for preparing the analysis.

Anchorage

 A secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards, or deceleration devices.

Angle Control

 A safety feature designed to prevent a tool from operating when tilted beyond a pre-determined angle.

Approved Mean

 For the purpose of this action; tested and certified by the manufacturer, or any recognized national testing laboratory to possess the strength requirements specified.

Assigned Protection Factor (APF)

 The workplace level of respiratory protection that a respirator or class of respirators is expected to provide to employees when you implement a continuing, effective respiratory protection program as specified by this chapter. For example,an effective program makes sure the respirator is:
(a) Functioning properly.
(b) Fitted to the user.
(c) Worn by trained individuals; and
(d) Used with the limitations specified on the NIOSH-approval label.

Atmosphere-Supplying Respirator

 A respirator that supplies the user with breathing air from sources, such as:
(a) A cylinder or a tank.
(b) A compressor.
(c) An uncontaminated environment.

Attendant

 An individual stationed outside one or more permit spaces who assesses the status of authorized entrants and who must perform the duties specified in §1926.1209.

Authorized Entrant

 An employee who is authorized by the entry supervisor to enter a permit space.

Authorized Personnel

 PCG employees certified to operate an AWP and assigned to perform a specific type of duty or duties at a specific location or locations at a work site.

AWP Operator

 A PCG employee who has completed the AWP General Operator Training requirements and who controls the movement of the AWP.

AWP Train the Trainer

 Individual who is authorized to perform AWP General Operator Training.

AWP Training Center

 Authorized Company to perform AWP Train the Trainer and/or AWP Operator training. (Company has to be approved by the Regional Safety Manager)

 

[B] Section

 

Term

Definition

Barrier

 A physical obstruction that blocks or limits access.

Base

 The relevant contact points of the AWP that form the stability fulcrum (e.g., wheels, casters, outriggers, stabilizers, etc.)

Battery Capacity

 This term is a measure of the charge stored by the Powered Industrial Truck’s batteries. It represents the maximum amount of energy (typically measured in Amp-hours) that can be extracted from the battery during operation.

Battery Compartment

 The battery compartment is the area of the Powered Industrial Truck that holds the battery or batteries. The compartment can vary greatly in size and is typically measured using the length of the compartment multiplied by the width and the height (L x W x H). Knowing the specific dimensions can be important when choosing a Powered Industrial Truck that is suitable for your needs, space, and specific application. (Image included)

Battery Model Identification

 Every electric Powered Industrial Truck operates using a battery, and it’s important to know the type of battery needed for your specific Powered Industrial Truck. Fortunately, batteries and battery types can be easily identified using a battery model identification code, which is expressed as battery style, number of cells, cell Amp/hr., number of plates, cell arrangement, special features, sequential letters (if needed) and paint codes.

Blanking/Blinding

 Closing a pipe, line, or duct with a solid plate that can handle the pressure and won’t leak. (such as a spectacle blind or a skillet blind)

Body Belt

 A Type 1 safety belt used in conjunction with lanyard or lifeline for fall restraint only

Body Harness

 Straps which may be secured about the employee in a manner that will distribute the fall arrest forces over at least the thighs, pelvis, waist, chest, and shoulders with means for attaching it to other components of a personal fall arrest system.

Brace

 A rigid connection that holds one scaffold member in a fixed position with respect to another member, or to a building or structure

Breathing Air

 Air supplied to an atmosphere-supplying respirator. This air meets the specifications found in WAC 296-842-20005.

Buckle

 Any device for holding the body harness closed around the employee’s body.

 

[ C ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Canister or cartridge (air-purifying)

 Part of an air-purifying respirator that consists of a container holding materials such as fiber, treated charcoal, or a combination of the two, that removes contaminants from the air passing through the cartridge or canister.

Capacity

 When choosing a Powered Industrial Truck, whether for purchase or rental, it is very important to be aware of its capacity. The capacity is a rating given to determine the amount of weight that can be lifted to a specific load height at a specific load center.

Carriage

 Carriage is one of the more frequently used terms used, as it relates to Powered Industrial Trucks. It refers to the Powered Industrial Truck’s support structure, in front of the mast, where the actual forks are mounted.

Cartridge respirator (see also air-purifying respirator)

 An air-purifying respirator equipped with one or more cartridges. These respirators have a facepiece made from silicone, rubber OR other plastic-like materials.

Cased Powder Load

 A powder load with the propellant contained in a closed case.

Caseless Powder Load

 A powder load with the propellant in solid form not requiring closed containment.

Catengary Line

 See Horizontal Lifeline

Chamber (noun)

 The location in the tool into which the powder load is placed and in which it is actuated.

Chamber (verb)

 To fit the chamber according to manufacturer’s specifications.

Chassis

 The integral part of the AWP that provides mobility and support for the elevating assembly.

Class A Liquids

 Includes liquids having flashpoints below 73 degrees Fahrenheit (22.8 degrees Centigrade) and having a boiling point below 100 degrees Fahrenheit (37.8 degrees Centigrade)

Class B Liquids

 Includes liquids having flashpoints below 73 degrees Fahrenheit (22.8 degrees Centigrade) and having a boiling point at or above 100 degrees Fahrenheit (37.8 degrees Centigrade)

Class C Liquids

 Includes liquids having flashpoints at or above 73 degrees Fahrenheit (22.8 degrees Centigrade) and below 100 degrees Fahrenheit (37.8 degrees Centigrade)

Class II Liquids

 Includes liquids having flashpoints at or above 100 degrees Fahrenheit (37.8 degrees Centigrade) and below 140 degrees Fahrenheit (60 degrees Centigrade)

Class III Liquids

 Includes liquids having flashpoints at or above 140 degrees Fahrenheit (60 degrees Centigrade) (image included)

Cleat

 A structural block used at the end of a platform to prevent the platform from slipping off its supports. Cleats are also used to provide footing on sloped surfaces such as crawling boards

Combination Ladder

 A portable ladder capable of being used either as a stepladder or as a single or extension ladder. It may also be capable of being used as a trestle ladder or a stairwell ladder.

Competent Person

 As defined by OSHA is “one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them (29 CFR 1926.32(f)). https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1926/1926.32#1926.32(f)

Configuration

 All positions in which an AWP or any part thereof can be placed within its intended operating limits.

Confined Space

 A space that: (1) Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter it; (2) Has limited or restricted means for entry and exit; and (3) Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy.

Connector

 A device which is used to couple (connect) parts of the personal fall arrest system and positioning device systems together. It may be an independent component of the system, such as a carabiner, or it may be an integral component of part of the system (such as a buckle or dee-ring sewn into a body harness, or a snap-hook spliced or sewn to a lanyard or self-retracting lanyard).

Continuous Fall Protection

 Design and use of a fall protection system such that no exposure to an elevated fall hazard occurs. This may require more than one fall protection system or a combination of prevention or protection measures.

Control

 The steps taken to lower the danger level in a confined space using methods like ventilation, and keeping the danger level low using these methods. Control also means the methods used to do this. Wearing safety gear is not a control method.

Control Zone

 Areas between warning line and the unprotected side and edges of the walking/working surface

Controlled Access Zone (CAZ)

 An area in which certain work may take place without the use of guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems, or safety net systems, and access to this zone is controlled.

Controlling Contractor

 The employer that has overall responsibility for construction at the worksite. If the controlling contractor owns or manages the property, then it is both a controlling employer and a host employer. If there is no controlling contractor present at the worksite, the requirements for, and role of, controlling contactors in §1926.1203 must be fulfilled by the host employer or other employer who arranges to have employees of another employer perform work that involves permit space entry.

Coupler

 A device for locking together the tubes of a tube and coupler scaffold

Cushion Tires

 Powered Industrial Truck tires designed to be used in indoor applications with flat and even surfaces.

 

[ D ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Dangerous Equipment

 Equipment (such as pickling or galvanizing tanks, degreasing units, machinery, electrical equipment, and other units) which, as a result of form or function, may be hazardous to employees who fall onto or into such equipment.

Deceleration Device

 Any mechanism, such as a rope grab, rip-stitch lanyard, specially-woven lanyard, tearing or deforming lanyards, automatic self-retracting lifelines lanyards, etc., which serves to dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall arrest, or otherwise limit the energy imposed on an employee during fall arrest.

Deceleration Distance

 The additional vertical distance a falling employee travels, excluding lifeline elongation and free fall distance, before stopping, from the point at which the deceleration device begins to operate. It is measured as the distance between the location of an employee’s body harness attachment point at the moment of activation (at the onset of fall arrest forces) of the deceleration device during a fall, and the location of that attachment point after the employee comes to a full stop.

Demand respirator

 An atmosphere-supplying respirator that sends breathing air to the
facepiece only when suction (negative pressure) is created inside the facepiece by inhalation. Demand respirators are “negative pressure” respirators.

Designated Representative

 Any individual or organziation to whom an employee gives written authorization to exercise a right of access. For the purposes of access to employee exposure records and analyses using exposure or medical records, a recognized or certified collective bargaining agent shall be treated automatically as a designated representative without regard to written employee authorization.

DOSH
The division of occupational safety and health, located in the department of labor and industries.

Double Block and Bleed

 The closure of a line, duct, or pipe by closing and locking or tagging two in-line valves and by opening and locking or tagging a drain or vent valve in the line between the two closed valves.

Drop Line

 A vertical lifeline secured to an upper anchorage for the purpose of attaching a lanyard or device.

Dust Mask
A name used to refer to filtering-facepiece respirators. Dust masks may or may not be NIOSH certified. See filtering facepiece.

 

[ E ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Early-Warning System

 The method used to alert authorized entrants and attendants that an engulfment hazard may be developing. Examples of early-warning systems include, but are not limited to: alarms activated by remote sensors; and lookouts with equipment for immediately communicating with the authorized entrants and attendants.

Elevating Assembly

 The mechanisms used to position the platform relative to the AWP chassis.

Emergency

 Any occurrence (including any failure of power, hazard control or monitoring equipment) or event, internal or external, to the permit space that could endanger entrants.

Emergency Respirator

 A respirator suitable for rescue, escape, or other activities during emergency situations.

Emergency situation

 Any occurrence that could or does result in a significant uncontrolled release of an airborne contaminant. Causes of emergency situations include, but are not limited to, equipment failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment.

End-of-service-life indicator (ESLI)

 A system that warns the air-purifying respirator user that cartridges or canisters must be changed. An example of an ESLI is a dot on the respirator cartridge that changes color.

Engulfment

 The surrounding and effective capture of a person by a liquid or finely divided (flowable) solid substance that can be aspirated to cause death by filling or plugging the respiratory system or that can exert enough force on the body to cause death by strangulation, constriction, crushing, or suffocation.

Entry

 The action by which any part of a person passes through an opening into a permit-required confined space. Entry includes ensuing work activities in that space and is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the entrant’s body breaks the plane of an opening into the space, whether or not such action is intentional or any work activities are actually performed in the space.

Entry Employer

 Any employer who decides that an employee it directs will enter a permit space.

Entry Permit

 The written or printed document that is provided by the employer who designated the space a permit space to allow and control entry into a permit space and that contains the information specified in §1926.1206 of this standard.

Entry Rescue

 Occurs when a rescue service enters a permit space to rescue one or more employees.

Entry Supervisor

 The qualified person (such as the employer, foreman, or crew chief) responsible for determining if acceptable entry conditions are present at a permit space where entry is planned, for authorizing entry and overseeing entry operations, and for terminating entry as required by this standard. Note. An entry supervisor also may serve as an attendant or as an authorized entrant, as long as that person is trained and equipped as required by this standard for each role he or she fills. Also, the duties of entry supervisor may be passed from one individual to another during the course of an entry operation.

Environmental Risk Factors for Heat Illiness

 Working conditions that create the possibility that heat illness could occur, including air temperature, relative humidity, radiant heat from the sun and other sources, conductive heat sources such as the ground, air movement, workload severity and duration, protective clothing and personal protective equipment worn by others.

Equivalent

 Alternative designs, materials, or methods to protect against a hazard which the employer can demonstrate will provide an equal or greater degree of safety for employees than the methods, materials, or designs specified in the standard.

Escape-Only Respirator
A respirator that can only be used to exit during emergencies. Look for this use limitation on the respirator’s NIOSH approval label.

Establishment

 An establishment is a single physical location where business is conducted or where services or industrial operations are performed. In activities where employees work in various locations, such as construction or transportation, the company is represented by its main or branch offices, terminals, or stations. These locations either supervise the work or serve as starting points for the workers.

Excavation

 Any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in the earth’s surface formed by earth removal.

Exposed, or exposure

 The contact an employee has with a toxic substance, harmful physical agent, or oxygen deficient condition. Exposure can occur through various routes of entry, such as inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or skin absorption.

Exposure Record

 An exposure record contains any of the following kinds of information concerning employee exposure to various substances or physical agents used in the workplace.(1) Workplace monitoring or measuring of a toxic substance or harmful physical agent including personal, area, grab, wipe, or other forms of sampling and includes related collection and analytical methods, calculations and other background data relevant to interpretation of results obtained.(2) Biological tests which directly assess absorption of a toxic substance or harmful physical agent into the body. A biological test which assesses the effect of the body would be a medical record. (3) A Material Data Safety Sheet indicating that the material may pose a hazard to human health. (4) Any other record which identifies a toxic substance or physical agent as potentially toxic or harmful and reveals where and when it was used.

Extension Ladder

 A non-self-supporting portable ladder adjustable in length. It consists of two or more sections traveling in guides or brackets or the equivalent and so arranged as to permit length adjustment.

 

[ F ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Fabricated Frame Scaffold

 A Scaffold consisting of platforms supported on fabricated end frames with integral posts, horizontal bearers, and intermediate members.

Failure

 Load refusal, breakage, or separation of component parts. Load refusal is the point where the ultimate strength is exceeded.

Fall Arrest System

 The use of multiple, approved safety equipment components such as:  body harnesses, lanyards, deceleration devices, droplines, horizontal and/or vertical lifelines and anchorages, interconnected and rigger as to arrest a free-fall.  Compliance with anchorage strength requirements specified in the applicable sections of chapter 296-155 WAC, Part C-1 shall constitute approval of this anchorage.

Fall Distance

 The actual distance from the worker’s support to the level where a fall would stop.

Fall Protection Work Plan

 A written planning document in which the employer identifies all areas on the job site where a fall hazard of 10 feet or greater exists.  The plan describes the method or methods of fall protection to be utilized to protect employees, and includes the procedures governing the installation use, inspection, and removal of the fall protection method or methods which are selected by the employer (see WAC 296-155-24505).

Fall-Restraint System

 An approved device and any necessary components that function together to restrain an employee in such a manner as to prevent that employee from falling to a lower level.  When standard guardrails are selected, compliance with applicable sections governing their construction and use shall constitute approval

Fasteners

 Any pins (headed) or studs (threaded) driven by the powder-actuated tool.

Filter

 Fibrous material that removes dust, spray, mist, fume, fog, smoke particles, OR other aerosols from the air.

Filtering-facepiece respirator

 A tight-fitting, half-facepiece, negative-pressure, particulate airpurifying respirator with the facepiece mainly composed of filter material. These respirators do not use cartridges or canisters and may have sealing surfaces composed of rubber, silicone or other plastic-like materials. They are sometimes referred to as “dust masks.”

Fit factor

 A number providing an estimate of fit for a particular respiratory inlet covering to a specific individual during quantitative fit testing.

Fit test (see also qualitative fit test and quantitative fit test)

 An activity where the facepiece seal of a respirator is challenged, using a DOSH accepted procedure, to determine if the respirator provides an adequate seal.

Fixed Ladder

 A ladder that is permanently attached to a structure.

Fixture

 A special shield that provides equivalent protection when the standard shield cannot be used.

Free Fall

 The act of falling before a personal fall arrest system begins to apply force to arrest the fall.

Free Fall Distance

 The vertical displacement of the fall arrest attachment point on the employee’s body harness between onset of the fall and just before the system begins to apply force to arrest the fall. This distance excludes deceleration distance, and lifeline/lanyard elongation, but includes any deceleration device slide distance or self-retracting lifeline/lanyard extension before they operate and fall arrest forces occur.

Free Lift

 Refers to the amount of vertical movement that a Powered Industrial Truck is capable of before additional mast channels are engaged. Essentially, it refers to the Powered Industrial Truck’s ability to lift its forks without raising the mast.

Full Body Harness

 A configuration of connected straps to distribute a fall arresting force over at least the thighs, shoulders and pelvis, with provisions for attaching a lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration device.

Full Body Harness System

 A Class III full body harness and lanyard which is attached to an anchorage, meeting requirements of Part C-1 WAC 296-155; or attached to a horizontal or vertical lifeline which is properly secured to an anchorage(s) capable of withstanding the forces specified in the applicable sections of chapter 296-155 WAC.

Full-facepiece respirator

 A tight-fitting respirator that covers the wearer’s nose, mouth, and
eyes.

 

[ G ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Gas Mask

 An air-purifying respirator equipped with one or more canisters. These respirators have a facepiece made from silicone, rubber, or other plastic-like materials.

Guardrail

 A vertical barrier, consisting of, but not limited to, top rails, midrails, and posts, erected to prevent employees form falling off a scaffold platform or walkway to lower levels

Guardrail System

 A barrier erected to prevent employees from falling to lower levels.

 

[ H ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Half-facepiece respirator

 A tight-fitting respirator that only covers the wearer’s nose and mouth.

Hardware

 Snap hooks, D-rings, buckles, caribiners, adjusters, O-rings, that are used to attach the components of a fall protection system together.

Hazard

 Physical hazard or hazardous atmosphere.

Hazardous Atmosphere

 An atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue (that is, escape unaided from a permit space), injury, or acute illness from one or more of the following causes:(1) Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of 10 percent of its lower flammable limit (LFL); (2) Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its LFL; Note: This concentration may be approximated as a condition in which the combustible dust obscures vision at a distance of 5 feet (1.52 meters) or less. (3) Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5 percent or above 23.5 percent; (4) Atmospheric concentration of any substance for which a dose or a permissible exposure limit is published in Subpart D—Occupational Health and Environmental Control, or in Subpart Z—Toxic and Hazardous Substances, of this part and which could result in employee exposure in excess of its dose or permissible exposure limit; Note. An atmospheric concentration of any substance that is not capable of causing death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue, injury, or acute illness due to its health effects is not covered by this definition. (5) Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately dangerous to life or health. Note. For air contaminants for which OSHA has not determined a dose or permissible exposure limit, other sources of information, such as Safety Data Sheets that comply with the Hazard Communication Standard, §1926.59 of this part, published information, and internal documents can provide guidance in establishing acceptable atmospheric conditions.

Hazardous Location

 Any location that contains, or has the potential to contain, an explosive or flammable atmosphere.

Head

 That portion of the fastener that extends above the work surface after being properly driven.

Heat Illness

 A serious medical condition resulting from the body’s inability to cope with a particular heat load, and includes heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat syncope and heat stroke.

Helmet

 The rigid part of a respirator that covers the wearer’s head AND provides head protection against impact or penetration.

High-efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA)

 A powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) filter that removes at least 99.97% of monodisperse dioctyl phthalate (DOP) particles with a mean particle diameter of 0.3 micrometer from contaminated air.

Hole

 A gap or void two (2) inches or more in its least dimension in a floor, roof, or other walking/working surface.

Hood

 The part of a respirator that completely covers the wearer’s head and neck AND may also cover some or all the shoulders and torso.

Hook Fork

 Forks that lock into the carriage and hook over the bars.

Horizontal Lifeline

 A rail, rope, wire, or synthetic cable that is installed in a horizontal plane between two anchorages and used for attachment of a worker’s lanyard or lifeline device while moving horizontally; used to control dangerous pendulum-like swing falls.

Host Employer

 The employer that owns or manages the property where the construction work is taking place. Note: If the owner of the property on which the construction activity occurs has contracted with an entity for the general management of that property, and has transferred to that entity the information specified in §1203(h)(1), OSHA will treat the contracted management entity as the host employer for as long as that entity manages the property. Otherwise, OSHA will treat the owner of the property as the host employer. In no case will there be more than one host employer.

Hot Work

 Operations capable of providing a source of ignition (for example, riveting, welding, cutting, burning, and heating).

 

[ I ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)

 An atmospheric condition that would:
(a) Cause an immediate threat to life; or
(b) Cause permanent or delayed adverse health effects; or
(c) Interfere with an employee’s ability to escape.

Inerting

 Displacing the atmosphere in a permit space by a noncombustible gas (such as nitrogen) to such an extent that the resulting atmosphere is noncombustible. Note. This procedure produces an IDLH oxygen-deficient atmosphere.

Infeasible

 Impossible to perform the construction work using a conventional fall protection system (i.e., guardrail system, safety net system, or personal fall arrest system) or that it is technologically impossible to use any one of these systems to provide fall protection.

Instability

 Quality or state of being unstable, likely to tip over.

Insulated Platform

 A platform designed and tested to meet the specific electrical insulation ratings consistent with the manufacturer’s identification plate.

Interlock

 A control or mechanism that, under specific conditions, automatically allows or prevents the operation of another control or mechanism.

Isolate/Isolation

 The process by which employees in a confined space are completely protected against the release of energy and material into the space, and contact with a physical hazard, by such means as: blanking or blinding; misaligning or removing sections of lines, pipes, or ducts; a double block and bleed system; lockout or tagout of all sources of energy; blocking or disconnecting all mechanical linkages; or placement of barriers to eliminate the potential for employee contact with a physical hazard.

 

[ L ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Licensed health care professional (LHCP)

 An individual whose legally permitted scope of medical practice allows them to provide some or all the health care services required for respirator users’ medical evaluations.

Ladder

 A device incorporating or employing steps, rungs, or cleats on which a person may step to ascend or descend.

Ladder Safety System

 An assembly of components whose function is to arrest the fall of a user, including the carrier and its associated attachment elements (brackets, fasteners, etc.), safety sleeve, body support and connectors, wherein the carrier is permanently attached to the climbing face of the ladder or immediately adjacent to the structure.

Lanyard

 A flexible line of rope, wire rope, or strap which generally has a connector at each end for connecting the body harness to a deceleration device, lifeline, or anchorage.

Lead

 Metallic lead, all inorganic lead compounds, and organic lead soaps. Excluded from this definition are all other organic lead compounds.

Leading Edge

 The edge of a floor, roof, or formwork for a floor or other walking/working surface (such as a deck) which changes location as additional floor, roof, decking, or formwork sections are placed, formed or constructed. A leading edge is considered to be an “unprotected side and edge” during periods when it is not actively and continuously under construction.

Lifeline

 A component consisting of a flexible line for connection to an anchorage at one end to hang vertically (vertical lifeline), or for connection to anchorages at both ends to stretch horizontally (horizontal lifeline), and which serves as a means for connecting other components of a personal fall arrest system to the anchorage.

Lift Cylinder

 The lift cylinders are responsible for hydraulically controlling the raising and lowering of the mast.

Limited/Restricted Means for Entry or Exit

 A condition that has a potential to impede an employee’s movement into or out of a confined space. Such conditions include, but are not limited to, trip hazards, poor illumination, slippery floors, inclining surfaces and ladders.

Line Breaking

 The intentional opening of a pipe, line, or duct that is or has been carrying flammable, corrosive, or toxic material, an inert gas, or any fluid at a volume, pressure, or temperature capable of causing injury.

Load Backrest

 Attached to the Powered Industrial Truck carriage and is responsible for restraining the load when the load is tilted rearward or upward. The Powered Industrial Truck’s backrest also aids in protecting the mast and the cylinder hoses. (image included)

Locking Snap Hook

 A connecting snap hook that requires two separate forces to open the gate; one to deactivate the gatekeeper and a second to depress and open the gate which automatically closes when released; used to minimize roll-out or accidental disengagement.

Lockout

 The placement of a lockout device on an energy isolating device, in accordance with an established procedure, ensuring that the energy isolating device and the equipment being controlled cannot be operated until the lockout device is removed.

Lone Worker

 Anyone working without the direct and immediate support of supervisors or colleagues.

Loose-fitting facepiece

 A respiratory inlet covering that is designed to form a partial seal with the face.

Lower Flammable Limit/Lower Explosive Limit

 The minimum concentration of a substance in air needed for an ignition source to cause a flame or explosion.

Lower Levels

 Those areas or surfaces to which an employee can fall. Such areas or surfaces include, but are not limited to, ground levels, floors, platforms, ramps, runways, excavations, pits, tanks, material, water, equipment, structures, or portions thereof.

Low-Pitched Roof

 A roof having a slope equal to or less than 4 in 12.

Low-Slope Roof

 A roof having a slope less than or equal to 4 in 12 vertical to horizontal.

 

[ M ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Mast

 The mast is the vertical structure of a Powered Industrial Truck that provides a supporting pathway for the carriage rollers and allows the Powered Industrial Truck to raise and lower the forks and material it’s carrying. (image included)

Max Full Lift Height (MLH)

 This term refers to the distance from the floor to the very top of the fork surface when the telescopic mast is fully extended.

Maximum Intended Load

 The total load of all persons, equipment, tools materials, transmitted loads, and other loads reasonably anticipated to be applied to a scaffold or scaffold component at any one time

Mechanical Equipment

 All motor or human propelled wheeled equipment used for roofing work, except wheelbarrows and mopcarts.

Medical Record

 Any record concerning the health status of an employee made or maintained by a doctor, nurse, or other health care professional or technician. This includes:(1) Medical and employment questionnaires or histories including past descriptions and occupational exposures. (2) The results of any medical exam (pre-employment, pre-assignment, periodic or episodic), and any laboratory tests (x-ray and all biological monitoring).(3) Medical opinions, diagnosis, progress notes and recommendations.(4) Description of treatments and prescriptions.(5) First aid records. (6) Employee medical complaints. NOTE: The following will not be considered a medical record. (1) Physical specimens, such as blood or urine samples, which are routinely discarded. (2) Health insurance claims, accident investigation reports and other non-medical correspondence if maintained separately from the medical file. (3) The record of any voluntary employee assistance program (alcohol, drug, etc.) if maintained separately. (4) Records created solely in preparation for litigation which are privileged from discovery under applicable rules of procedure or evidence.

Misfire

 A condition in which the powder load fails to ignite after the tool has been operated.

Mobile Elevated Work Platform (MEWP)

 A machine/device intended for moving persons, tools, and materials to working positions; consisting of at least a work platform with controls, extending structure, and a chassis.

Modification/Modified

 To make a change(s), temporary or permanent, to an AWP that affects the operation, stability, safety factors, rated load or safety of the AWP in any way.

Monitor/Monitoring

 The process used to identify and evaluate the hazards after an authorized entrant enters the space. This is a process of checking for changes that is performed in a periodic or continuous manner after the completion of the initial testing or evaluation of that space.

 

[ N ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Negative-pressure respirator

 Any tight-fitting respirator in which the air pressure inside the facepiece is less than the air pressure outside the respirator during inhalation.

NIOSH

 The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH is the federal agency that certifies respirators for occupational use.

Non-Entry Rescue

 Occurs when a rescue service, usually the attendant, retrieves employees in a permit space without entering the permit space.

Non-Permit Confined Space

 A confined space that meets the definition of a confined space but does not meet the requirements for a permit-required confined space, as defined in this subpart.

 

[ O ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Opening

 A gap or void 30 inches or more high and 18 inches or more wide, in a wall or partition through which employees can fall to a lower level.

Outriggers

 Devices that increase the stability of the AWP and that are capable of lifting and leveling the AWP.

Overall Lowered Height (OAL)

 Referred to in conjunction with “mast” often. The overall lowered height is the height at the top of the mast when the mast is completely lowered. The measurements are taken from the floor to the top of the mast.

Overhead Guard

 The Overhead Guard is the framework that is fitted to a truck which provides protection for the Powered Industrial Truck operator in case of falling objects. (image included)

Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere

 An atmosphere containing less than 19.5 percent oxygen by volume.

Oxygen Enriched Atmosphere

 An atmosphere containing more than 23.5 percent oxygen by volume.

 

[ P ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Permissible exposure limits (PELs)

 Employee exposures to toxic substances or harmful agents that must not be exceeded. PELs are specified in applicable DOSH chapters.

Permit Required Confined Space/Permit Space

 A confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics: (1) Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere; (2) Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant; (3) Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section; or (4) Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.

Permit-Required Confined Space Program/Permit Space Program

 The employer’s overall program for controlling, and, where appropriate, for protecting employees from, permit space hazards and for regulating employee entry into permit spaces.

Personal Fall Arrest System

 A system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body harness, and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combination of these.

Personal Risk Factors for Heat Illness

 Factors such as an individual’s age, degree of acclimatization, health, water consumption, alcohol consumption, caffeine consumption, and use of prescription medications that affect the body’s water retention or other physiological responses to heat.

Physical Hazard

 An existing or potential hazard that can cause death or serious physical damage. Examples include, but are not limited to: explosives (as defined by 7 paragraph (n) of §1926.914, definition of “explosive”); mechanical, electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic energy; radiation; temperature extremes; engulfment; noise; and inwardly converging surfaces. Physical hazard also includes chemicals that can cause death or serious physical damage through skin or eye contact (rather than through inhalation).

Platform

 The portion of the AWP intended to be occupied by PCI Employees with their necessary tools and materials.

Platform Height

 The vertical distance measured from the floor of the platform to the surface upon which the machine is supported.

Pneumatic Tires

 Pneumatic Powered Industrial Truck tires are designed to be used in outdoor applications and on uneven surfaces. They can be filled with a rubber compound (i.e., “solid pneumatic”) or be air filled. Air filled pneumatic tires are usually the standard on IC trucks, however solid pneumatic tires are sometimes used based on the application. If your application has a high number of debris and you experience frequent tire punctures, solid pneumatic tires may offer you a longer tire life.

Positioning Belt

 A single or multiple strap that can be secured around the worker’s body to hold the user in a work position; for example, a lineman’s belt, a rebar belt, or saddle belt.

Positioning Device System

 A body harness system rigged to allow an employee to be supported on an elevated vertical surface such as a wall and work with both hands free while leaning.

Positive-pressure respirator

 A respirator in which the air pressure inside the respiratory inlet covering is greater than the air pressure outside the respirator.

Powder Load

 The energy source used in powder-actuated tools.

Powder-Actuated Fastening System

 A method comprising the use of a powder-actuated tool, a powder load, and a fastener.

Powder-Actuated Tool

 A tool that utilizes the expanding gas from a powder load to drive a fastener.

Powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR)

 An air purifying respirator equipped with a blower that draws ambient air through cartridges or canisters. These respirators, as a group, are not classified as positive pressure respirators and must not be used as such.

Powered Industrial Truck

 A powerful tool that allows one person to precisely lift and place large heavy loads with little effort. Using a tool such as a Powered Industrial Truck, cart or hand truck instead of lifting and carrying items by hand can reduce the risk that you will suffer a back injury. (image included)

Powered Industrial Truck Classifications

 Powered Industrial Trucks are categorized into their classifications by a variety of factors by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Fork truck classifications for class I through class VII are as follows: Free Lift: This term refers to the amount of vertical movement that a Powered Industrial Truck is capable of before additional mast channels are engaged. Essentially, it refers to the Powered Industrial Truck’s ability to lift its forks without raising the mast. Hook Fork: Some forks will fall under the classification of “hook forks”. These are forks that lock into the carriage and hook over the bars. Lift Cylinder: The lift cylinders are responsible for hydraulically controlling the raising and lowering of the mast. Load Backrest: The load backrest is a very important part of any Powered Industrial Truck. It is attached to the Powered Industrial Truck carriage and is responsible for restraining the load when the load is tilted rearward or upward. The Powered Industrial Truck’s backrest also aids in protecting the mast and the cylinder hoses.

Pressure-demand respirator

 A positive-pressure atmosphere-supplying respirator that sends breathing air to the respiratory inlet covering when the positive pressure is reduced inside the facepiece by inhalation or leakage.

Preventative Recovery Period

 A period of time to recover from the heat in order to prevent heat illness.

Prohibited Condition

 Any condition in a permit space that is not allowed by the permit during the period when entry is authorized. A hazardous atmosphere is a prohibited condition unless the employer can demonstrate that personal protective equipment (PPE) will provide effective protection for each employee in the permit space and provides the appropriate PPE to each employee.

 

[ Q ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Qualified Operator

 A person who meets the requirements of ANSI A10.3-1995 11.1 & 11.2.

Qualified Person

 One who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated his ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project.

Qualitative fit test (QLFT)

 A test that determines the adequacy of respirator fit for an individual. The test relies on the employee’s ability to detect a test substance. Test results are either “pass” or “fail.”

Quantitative fit test (QNFT)

 A test that determines the adequacy of respirator fit for an individual. The test relies on specialized equipment that performs numeric measurements of leakage into the respiratory inlet covering. Test results are used to calculate a “fit factor.”

 

[ R ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Rail

 The side members joined at intervals by either rungs or steps.

Rated Load

 The manufacturer’s specified maximum load to be lifted by a hoist or to be applied to a scaffold or scaffold component

Rated Work Load

 The designed carrying capacity of the AWP as specified by the manufacturer.

Rating Plate

 The Powered Industrial Truck rating plate goes by a variety of names, including Capacity plate, Data plate, Capacity data plate, Weight plate, and Nameplate. Regardless of the name, this plate provides information to the Powered Industrial Truck driver so they know the maximum load the Powered Industrial Truck can legally carry to prevent the load from becoming dangerous for the operators and others.

Representative Permit Spacee

 A mock-up of a confined space that has entrance openings that are similar to, and is of similar size, configuration, and accessibility to, the permit space that authorized entrants enter.

Required use

 Respirator use that:
(a) Is necessary to protect employees from respiratory hazards; or
(b) The employer decides to require for their own reasons. For example, the employer decides to follow more rigorous exposure limits.

Rescue

 Retrieving, and providing medical assistance to, one or more employees who are in a permit space. Rescue service means the personnel designated to rescue employees from permit spaces.

Respirator

 A type of personal protective equipment designed to protect the wearer from airborne contaminants, oxygen deficiency, or both.

Respiratory hazard

 Airborne hazards and oxygen deficiency that are addressed in chapter 296-841 WAC, Airborne contaminants.

Respiratory inlet covering

 Part of a respirator that forms the protective barrier between the user’s respiratory tract and an air-purifying device or breathing air source or both. The respiratory inlet covering may be a facepiece, helmet, hood, suit, or mouthpiece respirator with nose clamp.

Restraint Line

 A line from a fixed anchorage or between two anchorages to which an employee is secured in such a way as to prevent the worker from falling to a lower level.

Retrieval System

 The equipment (including a retrieval line, chest or full body harness, wristlets or anklets, if appropriate, and a lifting device or anchor) used for nonentry rescue of persons from permit spaces.

Roll-Out

 Unintentional disengagement of a snap hook caused by the gate being depressed under torque or contact while twisting or turning; a particular concern with single-action snap hooks that do not have a locking gatekeeper.

Roof

 The exterior surface on the top of a building. This does not include floors or formwork which, because a building has not been completed, temporarily become the top surface of a building.

Roofing Work

 The hoisting, storage, application, and removal of roofing materials and equipment, including related insulation, sheet metal, and vapor barrier work, but not including the construction of the roof deck.

Rope Grab

 A deceleration device which travels on a lifeline and automatically, by friction, engages the lifeline and locks so as to arrest the fall of an employee. A rope grab usually employs the principle of inertial locking, cam/level locking, or both.

 

[ S ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Safety Lines

 See Lifelines

Safety-Monitoring System

 A safety system in which a competent person is responsible for recognizing and warning employees of fall hazards.

Scaffold

 Any temporary elevated platform (supported or suspended) and its supporting structure (including points of anchorage), used for supporting employees or materials or both

Scaffold Competent Person

 A Scaffolding Competent Person needs to be trained to spot and fix dangers in scaffold work. They should know how to put up, take down, move, use, fix, maintain, and check scaffolds. They must be on-site to guide and watch over the work when building, taking apart, changing, or moving the scaffold.

Seal check

 Actions conducted by the respirator user each time the respirator is put on, to determine if the respirator is properly seated on the face.

Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)

 An atmosphere-supplying respirator designed for the breathing air source, to be carried by the user.

Self-Retracting Lifeline/Lanyard

 A deceleration device containing a drum-wound line which can be slowly extracted from, or retracted onto, the drum under slight tension during normal employee movement, and which, after onset of a fall, automatically locks the drum and arrests the fall.

Serious Physical Damage

 An impairment or illness in which a body part is made functionally useless or is substantially reduced in efficiency. Such impairment or illness may be permanent or temporary and includes, but is not limited to, loss of consciousness, disorientation, or other immediate and substantial reduction in mental efficiency. Injuries involving such impairment would usually require treatment by a physician or other licensed health-care professional.

Service-life

 The period that a respirator, filter or sorbent, or other respiratory equipment provides adequate protection to the wearer. For example, the period that sorbent cartridge is effective for removing a harmful substance from the air.

Shade

 Blockage of direct Canopies, umbrellas and other temporary structures of devices may be used to provide shade. One indicator that blockage is sufficient is when objects do not cast a shadow in the area of blocked sunlight. Shade is not adequate when heat in the area if shade defeats the purpose of shade, which is to allow the body to cool. For example, a car sitting in the sun does not provide acceptable shade to a person inside it, unless the car is running with air conditioning.

Shall

 The word “shall” is to be understood as mandatory.

Shield

 A device that is attached to the muzzle end of the tool and is designed to confine flying particles.

Shock Absorbing Lanyard

 A flexible line of webbing, cable, or rope used to secure a body belt or harness to a lifeline or anchorage point that has an integral shock absorber.

Single Pole Scaffold

 A supported scaffold consisting of a platform(s) resting on bearers, the outside ends of which are supported on runners secured to a single row of posts or uprights, and the inner ends of which are supported on or in a structure or building wall

Single-Action Snap Hook

 A connecting snap hook that requires a single force to open the gate which automatically closes when released.

Sorbent

 Rigid, porous material, such as charcoal, is used to remove vapor or gas from the air. Supplied-air respirator (see air-line respirator).

Snaphook

 A connector comprised of a hook-shaped member with a normally closed keeper, or similar arrangement, which may be opened to permit the hook to receive an object and, when released, automatically closes to retain the object. Snaphooks are of the locking type with a self-closing, self-locking keeper which remains closed and locked until unlocked and pressed open for connection or disconnection.

Spalled Area

 A damaged and non-uniform concrete or masonry surface.

Specific Written Consent

 Written authorization containing the following: (1) The name and signature of the employee authorizing the release of medical information. (2) The date of the written authorization. (3) The name of the individual or organization that is authorized to release the medical information. (4) The name of the designated representative (individual or organization) that is authorized to receive the released information. (5) A general description of the medical information that is authorized to be released. (6) A general description of the purpose for release of the medical information. (7) A date or condition upon which the written authorization will expire (if less than one year).

Stability

 The quality, state of being stable, firmly anchored, not likely to tip over.

Stabilizers

 Devices that increase the stability of the AWP but are not capable of lifting or leveling the AWP.

Static Line

 See Horizontal Lifeline

Steep Roof

 A roof having a slope greater than 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal).

Step Stool (Ladder Type)

 A self-supporting, foldable, portable ladder, non-adjustable in length, 32-inches or less in overall size, with flat steps and without a pail shelf, designed to be climbed on the ladder top cap so that the ladder top cap as well as all steps can be climbed. The side rails may continue above the top cap.

Stepladder

 A self-supporting portable ladder, non-adjustable in length, with flat steps and a hinged base.

Strength Member

 Any component of a fall protection system that could be subject to loading in the event of a fall.

 

[ T ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Tagout

 (1) Placement of a tagout device on a circuit or equipment that has been deenergized, in accordance with an established procedure, to indicate that the circuit or equipment being controlled may not be operated until the tagout device is removed; and (2) The employer ensures that (i) tagout provides equivalent protection to lockout, or (ii) that lockout is infeasible and the employer has relieved, disconnected, restrained and otherwise rendered safe stored (residual) energy.

Test Velocity

 The measurement of the velocity of the fastener.

Test/Testing

 The process by which the hazards that may confront entrants of a permit space are identified and evaluated. Testing includes specifying the tests that are to be performed in the permit space. Note. Testing enables employers both to devise and implement adequate control measures for the protection of authorized entrants and to determine if acceptable entry conditions are present immediately prior to, and during, entry.

Tight-fitting facepiece

 A respiratory inlet covering forming a complete seal with the face OR neck. Mouthpiece respirators are not tight-fitting facepieces.

Three Points of Contact

 Term used for a method of safe ladder climbing where between a climber’s two hands and two feet, at least three of them are in contact with the ladder rungs/rails at all times while ascending or descending the ladder

Toeboard

 A low protective barrier that will prevent the fall of materials and equipment to lower levels and provide protection from falls for personnel.

Top Cap

 The uppermost horizontal member of a portable stepladder.

Top Step

 The first step below the top cap of a portable stepladder. Where a ladder is constructed without a top cap, the top step is the first step below the top of the rails.

Toxic Substance/Harmful Physical Agent

 Any chemical substance, biological agent (bacteria, fungus, virus, etc.) or physical stress (noise, heat, cold, ionizing radiation or non-ionizing radiation, hypo or hyperbaric pressure, etc.) which: (1) Is regulated under federal law or rule due to a hazard to health (2) Is listed in the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS).(3) Shows positive evidence of acute or chronic health hazard in human, animal or other biological test by or known to the employer. (4) Has a Material Safety Data Sheet indicating that the substance may pose hazard to human health.

Trench

 A narrow excavation that is deeper than it is wide, and is no wider than 15’

Trucker’s Mast

 An exceptionally short, specialized type of mast. It is typically used in areas where overhead clearance is restricted and is used on Class IV and V Powered Industrial Truck, up to 6,000 lb. capacity.

Tube and Coupler Scaffold

 A supported or suspended scaffold consisting of a platform(s) supported by tubing, erected with coupling devices connecting uprights, braces, bearers, and runner

Twin Stepladder

 A twin step ladder has steps on both sides of the A-frame, allowing two people to use the ladder at once.

Two Stage Mast

 This is a type of Powered Industrial Truck mast that has two stages. These consist of an outer channel, which is mounted to the lift truck, and an inner channel, which elevates when the cylinders extend.

Tynes

 Sometimes referred to simply as the “fork” or “forks”, tynes are one of the most vital parts of a Powered Industrial Truck. These are the arms found on the load carriage. They either enter a pallet to lift a load, or the load is placed directly on the forks. (image included)

 

[ U ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Unprotected Sides and Edges

 Any side or edge (except at entrances to points of access) of a walking/working surface (e.g., floor, roof, ramp, or runway) where there is no wall or guardrail system at least 39 inches high.

 

[ V ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Ventilate/Ventilation

 Controlling a hazardous atmosphere using continuous forced-air mechanical systems that meet the requirements of §1926.57—Ventilation.

Voluntary use

 Respirator use that is requested by the employee and permitted by the employer when no respiratory hazard exists.

 

[ W ] Section

 

Term

Definition

Walking/Working Surface

 Any surface, whether horizontal or vertical, on which an employee walks or works, including, but not limited to, floors, roofs, ramps, bridges, runways, formwork and concrete reinforcing steel but not including ladders, vehicles, or trailers, on which employees must be located in order to perform their job duties.

Warning Line System

 A barrier erected on a roof to warn employees that they are approaching an unprotected roof side or edge and which designates an area in which roofing work may take place without the use of guardrail, body harness, or safety net systems to protect employees in the area.

Work Area

 That portion of a walking/working surface where job duties are being performed.

Working Length

 The length of a non-self-supporting portable ladder measured along the rails from the base support point of the ladder to the point of bearing at the top.

Working Load

 Maximum applied load, including the weight of the user, materials, and tools, that the ladder is to support for the intended use.